VISC 1004-01 Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

VISC 1004-01 Final - Essay Example ree films was created in various verifiable minutes, all the movies present a similar social inclinations, regardless of whether it is the predispositions identified with the connection between the rich and poor people or the inclinations identified with the personal connection between people of two unique races. In any case, in all the movies, the female sex appears to endure the most social partialities, since their decision of satisfaction is once in a while refreshing by the individuals in their lives, regardless of whether their families or their companions. The Far from Heaven (2002) is a film that was created in the 21st century, recounting the narrative of an adoration relationship that in the long run becomes opposed by the general public. Cathy Whitaker is a rich lady who happens to be living in a marriage that has no satisfaction and no sexual satisfaction, until she comes to learn extremely late that her significant other, Frank, was likewise a gay (Haynes, n.p.). Throughout her focused on life, Cathy Whitaker happens to run over Raymond Deagan, who is the child of her previous cultivator who is as of now dead (Haynes, n.p.). Because of the unfulfilling marriage that Cathy Whitaker lives in, she creates energetic emotions towards Raymond, which in the long run transforms into adoration sentiments that see both set up a personal connection. In any case, taking into account that Cathy Whitaker is a rich lady who is pursuing Raymond; a dark and poor man, the general public applies its social predispositions and biases against the dar k race and against the connection between the rich and poor people, to in the long run separate the two. Three white young men manhandles Raymond’s little girl, causing Raymond to conclude never to connect with a white lady again (Haynes, n.p.). The entire neighborhood is additionally spreading word about the untrustworthy connection between Cathy Whitaker, a wedded lady, and a dark poor man, causing Cathy Whitaker to be the fool of the entire neighborhood. A similar content is rehashed in the film Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974), where Emmi, a German widow in her 60s gets connected with a

Intelligence Agencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Insight Agencies - Essay Example Methods for data social affair may incorporate reconnaissance, correspondence capture attempt, cryptanalysis, collaboration with different organizations, and assessment of open sources. The gathering and engendering of this data is known as insight examination. Knowledge has now become enormous business with lawful status and monetary help. It is not, at this point reasonable to imagine that it doesn't exist. Before the finish of World War II, with the Cold War approaching not too far off and USSR driving the insight world, the United States started the way toward building up a detailed peacetime knowledge structure that would reach out over various government divisions of different unified and underdeveloped countries. The activities of the U.S. furthermore, USSR knowledge network during the Cold War would go from running single specialists, to marshaling the abilities of thousands to assemble and convey expound spy satellites. The insight organizations of the United States and Soviet Union have been utilized by government authorities since the finish of World War Two to monitor and advance the worldwide interests of their country. Significantly after the finish of cold war by the late 1990's, it keeps on having a significant effect in planning the structure of the different knowledge organizations. ... The Cold War was the time of contention, pressure and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their individual partners from the mid-1940s until the mid 1990s. Be that as it may, in real there was never an immediate military commitment between the US and the Soviet Union. There was 50 years of military development just as political fights for help far and wide, including noteworthy inclusion of partnered and satellite countries in intermediary wars. In a large portion of these exercises the insight offices had a significant influence in both political fights (setting up and supporting of manikin government by USSR in Afghan) and intermediary wars (Vietnam War). Undercover OPERATIONS An undercover activity is a military or political action completed so that the gatherings liable for the activity can be a loosely held bit of information, yet can't be demonstrated. Incognito activities are every now and again unlawful in the objective state and are now and again infringing upon the laws of the sanctioning nation. During the virus war time, both US and USSR attempted a ton of undercover tasks so as to comprehend the military and political plan of each other. The historical backdrop of Covert Operations returns a long ways past the Cold War, with numerous tasks during the two World wars and even some time before at that point. In spite of this long history the roughage day of secret tasks was during the Cold War where two restricting force squares confronted one another however were reluctant to hazard a real war. They embraced these secret activities particularly in underdeveloped countries attempting to introduce an administration which underpins their arrangements . US attempted a great deal of these undercover tasks generally in socialist powerful states. A portion of the tasks were CIA's assistance to the Italian Christian Democrats, and the assistance to the Iranian Shah in 1953 code name

How to Market an eBook Like a Pro

How to Market an eBook Like a Pro © Shutterstock | Rawpixel.comWriting an eBook is quite a challenge in itself, but the project doesn’t end when you press the publish button. In fact, the hard work often starts when the book is finished. Marketing an eBook like a professional can be a rather tricky and time-consuming task. But with the below tips on marketing your eBook, you can get the job done smoothly and have fun in the process.BEFORE YOU START MARKET YOUR EBOOKBefore we start examining the key strategies you need to implement for eBook promotion, you need to consider a few things. Essentially, you must decide on the marketing budget you want to use and the specific strategies you want to use.First, you need to decide how much money are you willing to spend on marketing the eBook. Marketing costs can easily vary from $0 to above $1,000. Therefore, you don’t want to rush into your project only to realize later what you’ve spent.Spending more money doesn’t automatically guarantee results; so don’t feel l ike you have to spend money in order to achieve higher reader numbers. The correct budget depends mostly on what you are able to spend, as well as the strategies you feel are the most effective.The second thing you must figure out before marketing your eBook relates to the strategies. You should identify the routes you prefer to use so that you can create a time plan and set goals for your marketing campaign.We’ll explore these strategies below, but before you start using them, you should create a Plan of Action for each step. A Plan of Action is a simple spreadsheet outlining the required steps and the actions you’ve taken. It’ll help you stay on top of your marketing efforts and makes it easier to track results.For example, for targeting eBook blogs for promotion, you would list all the appropriate blogs you’ve discovered, the method of contact for each blog and then sections to imply whether you contacted them and if they agreed to promote your eBook.Finally, you should a lso establish goals for your marketing. You can’t know whether your eBook marketing is going according to plan without determining what is a success and what is a failure.In order to establish a goal, answer the following questions:What does marketing success look to you? Receiving more clicks, selling an x-amount of books or receiving more positive reviews, for example.What about marketing failure? Poor reviews, only x-amount of clicks, not passing a certain sales figure, for instance.What are your book sales objectives in terms of sales numbers? How many eBooks do you want to sell on the first week, first month and the first six months?UNDERSTAND YOUR READERLike with any marketing, eBook marketing should always start by better understanding who is the person you are selling to. If you don’t know the target market for your eBook, your marketing efforts won’t be as focused.Without an appropriate understanding of the reader, you might use tactics and channels that don’t appea l to your reader and therefore, you won’t sell as many books as you otherwise might. For example, eBook marketplaces, such as Amazon, can be great for reaching out to millions of readers, but if you are selling to a niche market, this route might yield lesser results.In fact, if you are writing fiction, the larger eBook marketplaces like iEBookstore and Amazon would be better, as you can target mass audiences and the readership is interested in cheaper priced books aimed at their reading preferences.On the other hand, niche eBooks can sell more on blogs, since the target reader is likely going to value the information more highly. Since the person is also reading a blog on the topic, they are likely to want to know more about the subject and therefore, buy the book.[slideshare id=59812786doc=vbmarketing-understandingyourtargetaudience-160321091919w=640h=330]TIME YOUR EBOOK RELEASEBefore you hit the publish button, you should rethink the timing of the release, as you can use it for promotional purposes. There might be events going on that can easily be linked with your eBook and the buzz around the specific topic could spill out to your sales as well.Let’s say you’ve written a book about athletics. Releasing it near the Olympics is naturally a good idea as people will be interested in finding out more about the topic. If your eBook is about leadership, then a big election could be a way to tie the topical news to your book.Therefore, when you are writing the book and almost ready to publish it, take a moment to figure out if there are things going on in the world that everyone’s talking about and which relate to your book. If necessary, you could even push the publication by a few weeks just to maximize the exposure.Once you’ve found a particular hot topic, which ties to your eBook, use it as a promotional opportunity. Contact local media, including radio and newspaper to offer your expertise on the topic. You can even write a short analysis of the su bject to online publications like Buzzfeed and mention your upcoming or newly released book in the article.If the chatter is centered on social media, then use the appropriate hashtags while promoting your new eBook. For example, if you had the book about leadership, you might use the hashtags for the upcoming US Presidential Election and promote your book with Tweets and posts like: “What does it take to be a leader? #USElection2016”, “5 qualities of a good leader and do the #candidates in #USElection2016 have them?” and so on.NAIL DOWN PRICINGThe first rule of pricing your eBook: a higher page count of your eBook does not mean the value of the book should go up. The price is based on the content and its value to the reader, not on the amount of words you can write.Overall, you should understand the eBook audiences in general tend to be price sensitive. This is one of the reasons Amazon’s eBooks are mostly priced around $9.99. But depending on what you are offering, the p rice could be lower or higher.How to nail down pricing? If you are a newcomer and publishing your first eBook, you might want to consider keeping the prices down. This can help more people to actually pick it up and to respond to it. This can generate more chatter and reviews, which can be valuable in the long-term.Once you’ve gained a good following of fans and people who actively follow your website or engage with your business, you can increase the prices a bit. When people know you and your style, they already know what sort of value to expect from your eBook. This then allows you to increase the price.Watch the below interview with author Bob Mayer on his thoughts about eBook pricing and finding the right price: CONSIDER HANDING OUT YOUR EBOOK FOR FREEOne of the most crucial aspects of eBook marketing is about gaining momentum. The interest you are able to generate will help introduce new people to your product and guarantee you are able to sell your book. Gaining momentum es sentially means you need plenty of people sharing and commenting on your book at once.The fastest route to it is by giving away the eBook for free, but only for a limited period. This can help generate more word of mouth, it lowers the barrier for people to pick it up and read it, and this creates the short-term momentum, which you can then use for later gains.Even if you can’t generate high sales figures, you will generate interest and awareness. These are crucial for long-term exposure, as people will be willing to pay for the next eBook since they know the value your books provide them with.A good way to generate even more buzz around your free eBook is to launch a free giveaway. You can use sites like Goodreads or LibraryThing to reach out to larger audiences than just handing it out on your website.Finally, if giving out the whole eBook sound too much for you, you can just allow readers to preview the first two chapters for free. If you’ve managed to write a compelling, qua lity eBook, a few free chapters can hook the reader and make them want to buy the whole book. SEEK OUT REVIEWSThe marketing focus should be on generating reviews, as you start selling your eBook. Reviews can ultimately be the deal breaker on whether or not the book succeeds â€" but instead of hiding away from the reviews, you need to focus on getting them on your side.If you have room in your marketing budget, consider pursuing paid book reviews. These are not about paying for positive reviews, but aimed at guaranteeing your book gets enough reviews for people to take notice.You can find paid book review opportunities through:Kirkus ReviewsBookRoosterIn addition, you can hand out your eBook for free to anyone who provides you an honest review afterwards. You can do so on your website or offer the book on a specific community forum, for example. Consider also providing your reviewers with tips on leaving reviews to ensure the process is smooth for them.A good way to generate more rev iews is by organizing a competition or a give-away. You could provide a gift for the best review (based on detail and depth-of analysis about the book). The gift can be another eBook on the topic, a company product (if you have those) or a gift card for eBook website, such as Amazon.Remember to avoid hiding from negative reviews. Instead, try to understand where it’s coming from and in some instances, it might be helpful to respond to it. If you feel the reviewer didn’t understand your argument or they are presenting false information, you can thank them for the review and respond to the claims they make. Just remember to stay calm, be respectful and polite.The benefit of responding to negative reviews is twofold. First, you show people that you are interested and appreciative of all reviews, and willing to learn. Second, you also respond to any inaccurate claims to ensure other people don’t start believing the false information.COMBINE THE EBOOK WITH OTHER PRODUCTSYou should also boost your marketing efforts by offering the reader a wider experience. You don’t just have to sell an eBook, but give the reader an unforgettable and valuable encounter.The other products and services you can easily combine with eBooks include:Creation of videos on the book’s topic â€" These could be little snippets of information on the era or location of your fictional book, or how-to guides around a niche topic, such as social media.Organizing of events for public reading and author meet-ups â€" You should contact local libraries and other such places for the option of having public readings of your book. You should contact appropriate organizations and groups for this as well. For example, books about sports could interest a local gym or wellness centre and books about women in business might appeal to the local entrepreneur and small business guilds.Generating tutorials based on the book’s subject â€" These can be videos, meet-up events or blog posts delving deeper into the topic.Designing an infograph around the book â€" Infographs are something people like sharing and it can spark the person’s interest towards finding out more about the topic of your book. You can even make these for a fictional eBook. For example, an infograph around the book’s characters or even the topic or location. If your book deals with mental health, for instance, you can create informative infographs on the subject matter.You should also consider whether your eBook could be turned into a series. You can keep the readers more engaged if they know there’s something to look forward to.PROMOTE YOU EBOOKThe above points will help you kick-start your eBook marketing. For further promotional advice, check out these additional two tips.Share the story behind the eBookYour marketing shouldn’t only focus on outlining what the book has to offer. You want to promote the book on the back of a wider brand: you.People are often interested in the stories and personal backgr ounds of the authors. In the era of social media, authors like Stephen King, Paolo Coelho and Angela Duckworth have plenty of followers interested in all aspects of the author’s life, not just the books. Whether you are writing fiction or non-fiction, people will be interested to know what inspired you to write this particular book and on the specific subject. In the case of non-fiction books, you should especially focus on sharing your expertise with the readers. People will be asking questions like “Why are you the authority to write about this subject” and you want to share the reasons through your own story.If you brand yourself and promote your own brand, you can generate interest on the eBook as well.Blog about the eBookFinally, you must use your website and blog for marketing purposes. Don’t just include a link to buy the eBook on your site, but regularly talk about the book and remind readers to buy it. The blog posts can help generate interest around the eBook and b ring you more publicity.You can generate plenty of content around the eBook. It’s possible to write about the writing process and the things you learned from the process. You can share tips about self-publishing and about the journey of creating an eBook. Not to mention the blog posts you can generate on the actual topic of the eBook.Ensure you have an email list of your readers, both new and old, to make promoting easier. You want to engage your readers with new content, keep them interested in promoting your eBook and to inform them of any new eBooks you are writing. Furthermore, you want to get your eBook mentioned in other blogs. There are specific blogs focused on presenting new eBooks in different fields. These include:Ereader News TodayKindle NationPixel of InkInspired ReadsYou can contact the sites and ask about promotional opportunities.Additionally, try getting in touch with blogging communities related to your subject matter. Identify the famous bloggers on the subject and contact them with the opportunity to write a review of your book.You can find these blogs by typing “[your topic] blogs” to Google. You can also use keywords. For instance, if your eBook is about social media, you can search “social media blogs” and contact blogs that seem the most suited for promotion.As mentioned in the first section, a spreadsheet with information about the different blogs and contact details will make the process smoother. Monitor who you’ve contacted, what their response was to ensure you could promote any possible mentions in your own social media channels.FINAL THOUGHTSThe above strategies can be helpful in getting the word out of your eBook. Following the tips will ensure you direct your focus on the right strategies and you’ve hopefully gotten ideas on which tactics might work best in your case.But above all, you need to remember that marketing your eBookis much easier if you have a solid, quality book to sell. You can try all sorts of strat egies, but if the eBook doesn’t offer quality for the reader in terms of value or emotional experience, you won’t be able to sell enough copies of it. While you might be able to cause a stir, you can’t keep up the buzz.

Why do oil prices and Canadian dollars move together

Have you  noticed that the Canadian dollar and oil prices move together? In other words, if the price of crude oil goes down, the Canadian dollar also decreases (relative to the U.S. dollar). And if the price of crude oil goes up, the Canadian dollar is worth more. Theres an economic mechanism at play here. Read on to learn why the Canadian dollar and oil prices move in tandem. Supply and Demand Because oil is an internationally traded commodity and Canada is so small relative to the United States and the  European Union, price changes in oil are caused by international factors outside of Canada. The demand for both oil and gas is not  elastic  in the short run, so a rise in oil prices causes the dollar value of the oil sold to rise. (That is, while the quantity sold will decrease, the higher price will cause the total revenue to rise, not fall). As of January 2016, Canada exports around 3.4 million barrels of oil a day to the United States. As of January 2018, the  price of a barrel of oil  is about $60. Canadas daily oil sales, then, are about $204 million. Because of the magnitude of sales involved, any changes in the price of oil have an impact on the currency market. Higher oil prices drive up the Canadian dollar through one of two mechanisms, which have the same result. The difference is based  on whether the oil is priced in Canadian or American dollars—as it generally is—but the final impact is identical. For different reasons, when Canada sells a lot of oil to the U.S., which it does on a daily basis, the loonie (the Canadian dollar) rises. Ironically, the reason in both cases has to do with currency exchanges, and in particular, the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. The Oil is Priced in U.S. Dollars This is the most likely of the two scenarios. If this is the case, then when the price of oil rises, Canadian oil companies receive more U.S. dollars. Since they pay their employees (and taxes and many other expenses) in Canadian dollars, they need to exchange U.S. dollars for Canadian ones on foreign exchange markets. So when they have more U.S. dollars, they supply more U.S. dollars and create demand for more Canadian dollars. Thus, as discussed in Forex: The Ultimate Beginner’s Guide to Foreign Exchange Trading, and Making Money with Forex, the increase in the  supply of the U.S. dollar drives the price of the U.S. dollar down. Similarly, the increase in demand for the Canadian dollar drives the price of the Canadian dollar up. The Oil Is Priced in Canadian Dollars This is a less likely scenario but easier to explain. If oil is priced in Canadian dollars, and the Canadian dollar rises in value, then American companies need to buy more Canadian dollars on foreign exchange markets. So the demand for Canadian dollars rises along with the supply of U.S. dollars. This causes the price of Canadian dollars to rise and the supply of U.S. dollars to fall. Source Kaplan, James P. Forex: The Ultimate Beginners Guide to Foreign Exchange Trading, and Making Money with Forex. Paperback, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, April 9, 2016.

Adolescent Relationships 10 Things I Hate About You Essay

Over the course of adolescence, people interact with one another, forming relationships, whether they are healthy or unhealthy. There is a large correlation between the self-esteem of the two people, and the state of their relationship. The lower one’s self-esteem in a relationship is, the unhealthier their relationship is likely to be. Conversely, a healthy or unhealthy relationship can also raise or lower one’s self-esteem. In the 1999 film â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You,† the relationship between Kat Stratford and Patrick Verona is an example of how a healthy relationship can raise one’s self esteem, while the relationship between Bianca Stratford and Chastity Church shows how a low self-esteem can lead to an unhealthy relationship. At†¦show more content†¦Chastity has a low self-esteem, as shown in their conversation during the exposition of the film. When they are discussing Bianca’s Prada backpack and their Sketchers, Bianca is discussing how she likes her sketchers, but loves her Prada backpack. Chastity, stopping, replies that she loves her sketchers, obviously a bit offended by the subliminal insult Bianca sent her. However, this only lasts a moment before Chastity plasters a fake smile on her face and moves on. This scene showed how Chastity’s self-esteem was low enough for her to hide the fact that she was hurt and insulted, but also showed the unhealthy relationship the two friends had because instead of talking about how Chastity felt and sharing their emotions, they ignored it and moved on. The large problem in this relationship occurs when Bianca finds out that Joey took Chastity to prom the moment he found out that he wasn’t going to be able to go with her. When Bianca confronts Chastity, they don’t settle the problem in any healthy manners. Instead, Chastity bluntly informs Bianca that Joey was merely aiming to â€Å"nail her† that night and insults her, likely cutting off whatever sort of unhealthy screwed up relationship they’d had. In the 1999 motion picture â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You,† Several interesting adolescent relationships are portrayed, showing the correlation between self-esteem and healthy relationships. While the healthy relationshipShow MoreRelatedThe Taming Of The Shrew And 10 Things I Hate About You Directed By Gil Junger1365 Words   |  6 Pagesof detecting intertextual relationships between texts also enriched your understanding of a significant cultural issue or idea? â€Å" The explicit and implicit subjects of this play - arranged marriages, the authority of fathers and husbands, the obedience expected from daughters and wives, the economic helplessness of most women - were issues and experiences that touched the lives of everyone in Shakespeare’s audience.† – Dorothea Kehler Detecting intertextual relationships between The Taming of theRead MoreTaming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You1584 Words   |  7 Pagesin the modern appropriation 10 Things I Hate About You. 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Adopt Children?1055 Words   |  5 PagesHannah Jurs-Allen, a fifth grader with lesbian parents, said, â€Å"I want you to know that I think my family is great, so why don’t you people just stop all this hate? I know that love comes right from the heart. My parents taug ht me love from the start.(Quotes)† Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender couples are not capable of producing their own children with their partners and turn to adoption. Most of these couples are turned down simply because they are homosexual. LGBT couples should be allowedRead MoreAnalysis of A Catcher In the Ryes Holden Caulfield: Enemy of Himself1686 Words   |  7 Pagesquote, â€Å" I didn’t know anyone there that was splendid and clear thinking and all† (Salinger 4) sets the tone that Holden cannot find a connection with anyone around him and that he is on a lonely endeavor in pursuit of identity, acceptance and legitimacy. The trials and failures that Holden faces on his journey to find himself in total shed light on Holden’s archenemy, himself. In J.D Salinger’s, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, protagonist, Holden Caulfield portrays characteristics of an adolescent boyRead MoreGirls And 10 Things I Hate About You1782 Words   |  8 Pagesreleased that depict the cultural norms, social expectations, and developments of teenagers at that period of time. Those two films, Mean Girls and 10 Things I Hate About You, successfully illuminate the motives and characterizations of young adult life and the troubles and tribulations that come along with it. 10 Things I Hate About You is a film about teenagers growing up in Seattle in the 1990’s. The music, clothing, and slang presented in the movie all emulate the time period in which it wasRead MoreNaturalistic Observation on Cara Essay2288 Words   |  10 PagesObservation Before interviewing Cara, since she is under 18, I made sure to first ask her parents consent if it would be okay that I can get Cara’s help by allowing me to use her for my life span developmental course. After they agreed, I also went to ask Cara who confirmed it was okay and that she would help me with whatever I needed to do. After I told them that the information would be private and I were to change her name she agreed that I may come and observe her when she comes home from school

Henry, Paine, Freedom Free Essays

Words: 345 Henry, Paine, freedom A comparison of both speeches Two important persons in the American Literature are Thomas Pain and Patrick Henry trying to help the colonist to get their freedom from the Britain. Paine tried to bring the colonists in to reality in his speech. He wanted to remained the colonists how badly the supreme British were treating them. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry, Paine, Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand Henry tried to persuade the colonists to go to war, using Britain as the enemy, but they tried to persuade the audience, by using different ways. Thomas Pain and Patrick Henry are both authors if the American Literature. Paine wrote â€Å"The American Crisis† and Henry wrote â€Å"The speech in the Virginia convention. † In a way both authors had the same general goal in mind, to persuade the colonists. Henry uses a variation of persuasive techniques. He uses allusion, repetition, and rhetorical questions. In Henry’s speech, he said â€Å"suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. † This allusion refers to the story of Judas betraying Jesus with a kiss. On the other hand Paine uses anecdotes, exaggeration, and personal attacks. Paine exaggerates on his speech by comparing the king of Britain to â€Å"a common murderer, a high wayman, or a housebreaker. I would choose Patrick Henry’s speech, because he says what he thinks clearly without holding anything back. When hi ask a question, he wants an answer fast. As he says in his speech â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death. † Because he wanted liberty even if that means to be involve in a war, because they have to do something for their freedom. On the other hand Thomas Pain says a lot of thins exaggeration everything leaving people clueless on what he is trying to say. Lastly we can see by reading those speeches that Henry and Paine wrote their works at different times. Henry using war while Pain is using the history of their ancestors, but both reached their single goal that is freedom. MLA: Henry, Patrick. â€Å"Speech to the second Virginia Convention. † American Literature. Ed. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Douglas Fisher, Beverly Ann Chin, Jacqueline Jones Royster. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 108-110. Print. Paine, Thomas. â€Å"The crisis, No. 1. † American Literature. Ed. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Douglas Fisher, Beverly Ann Chin, Jacqueline Jones Royster. New Yourk: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 124-126. Print. How to cite Henry, Paine, Freedom, Essay examples

Strategic Choice Vodafone Case Study Essay Example

Strategic Choice: Vodafone Case Study Essay Strategic management is a set of decisions and processes that lead to the development of a successful approach to achieve the organization’s goals. Once the fundamentals such as mission and vision statements, are drawn, those processes that follow â€Å"undergo analysis, choice, implementation and evaluation†. The framework by which strategic management is known, and can be applied to business corporations, is based on processes. As opposed to organizational effectiveness, there is more universal consensus regarding the foundations of strategic management in both the process methodology and the nature of the processes. In this context, an analysis of the conflict an organization faces while designing strategies is essential (Tseng, 223). The corporation chosen for this case study is Vodafone Group Plc. Vodafone has been a leading player in the telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom. Its success here had prompted plans for expansion across the globe. So Vodafone is in an important stage of its evolution as a multinational company. The decisions that the Vodafone management takes in any independent unit can have implications for the organization as a whole. Any corporation’s strategic management goes beyond process planning. Though planning receives much attention, it is just one of a number of processes that must be implemented if a corporation is going to participate in a strategic management framework. This paper presents an empirical study of Vodafone Plc. and explicates reasons for success or failure in its implementation of strategic decisions (Krebs, 532). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Choice: Vodafone Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Choice: Vodafone Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Choice: Vodafone Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As one management guru put it: â€Å"to complete implementation, achieve everything which is intended, and do all of this in a way which is acceptable to organization members – that is, to attain comprehensive success – there needs to be support (especially from influential persons, and those implementing the decision), clarity about what the objectives are and how to reach them, a favourable climate within the organization and a little bit of luck–or at least no bad luck.† (Tseng, 223) At Vodafone there was complete support from both decision makers and those acting on those decisions. This is evident from the way CoreMedia’s comprehensive digital rights management (DRM) infrastructure was installed in a streamlined fashion during 2004. Overhauling the technology upon which an organization runs is no easy task. Vodafone would not have pulled this off without proper co-ordination across all levels. The successful integration of cutting-edge technology helped reduce costs significantly and made operations more efficient. In this case, all the criteria for success, as drawn up by Vodafone’s strategic framework, were executed flawlessly (Krebs, 534). However, Vodafone’s decision to acquire Tele2’s business units in Italy and Spain has proved to be a challenging operation so far. The decision to acquire was made in October of 2007, so it is early days yet. But if industry analysts’ predictions come true the balance sheet at the end of this financial quarter will show negative results. The reason for this probable glitch in Vodafone’s impressive strategic management record is this: â€Å"Though senior managers were in favour, those directly affected by the acquisition are suspicious and unlikely to give wholehearted support. What the acquisition was to achieve was never made explicit, so what had to be done was unclear. The two divisions operated in completely different ways; a sharper cultural contrast could hardly be found, with each division having different values and ways of working. It is now believed that no propitious factors could help to overcome this daunting combination† (Krebs, 535). For successful implementation of strategies, planning should be meticulous and resources should be sufficient. Also, the right climate should prevail within the industry. These factors work in a synergistic way to help achieve the highest level of success. The pattern of these disparate factors acting in coordinated synchrony is most important. The strength of any strategic initiative lies in this seamless integration (Wilton, 904). Formulation of business strategies depend on the Chief Executive’s assessment of future trends in the industry. If the top leadership’s reading of the opportunities and competition is not up to mark, the result may be disastrous. When these assumptions flounder, the company’s’ investments in these initiatives will go down the drain. Vodafone is fortunate in having Arun Sarin as its Chief Executive Officer since the December of 2002. Sarin took over the reigns when the company was in crossroads. It is to his credit that the company has seen healthy consolidation and expansion over the last few years (Wilton, 904). Eventually, the success of a business corporation would depend on the strategic decisions that it takes. But, there is no blue-print or framework that can lead to definite success. Even choosing between the commonly used strategic frameworks -transformational and operational – is never straightforward. The context in which the decisions are made should be accorded careful consideration. An empirical study of decision making in Vodafone would indicate the unconventional nature of its decisions. Right from its inception, and particularly since Arun Sarin took over as CEO, decision making has grown much bolder. Let us take the area of advertising and public relations in particular. In December 2004, Vodafone’s followed its sponsorship deal with Ferrari with a donation of one million pounds to the victims of Asian Tsunami. Most companies would have chosen proven methods to gain public recognition and boost their brand image. But going by the financial results of al l its competitors that year, the strategy adopted by Vodafone proves to be more successful. The adoption of two widely different public relations exercises demonstrates its broad and flexible strategic framework (Wilton, 902). Vodafone’s success in finding the right business strategy more often than not is attributable to its management’s understanding of such general considerations as its â€Å"competitive situation, the latent needs of customers, capital markets, the regulatory environment, and new technology, the structure of its industry, and the strengths and weaknesses of its rivals†. Yet this is only the first step. The organization’s ability to execute the strategy is of equal import too. Where Vodafone outclasses most of its competitors is 1. in its emphasis on the execution aspect of strategies and 2. seeing all decisions in the context of broader goals and objectives. A careful study of Vodafone’s decision making pattern reveals that a â€Å"second-best† strategy that they can execute well has always superseded an ideal strategy that may demand capabilities beyond their reach. Vodafone strategy was to acquire greater market-share saw them â€Å"target bigger, high profile clients while retaining and recruiting a quality workforce†. â€Å"Its challenge was to communicate a profound transformation in strategic direction throughout the organization in a manner that would elicit the support of the entire workforce† (Carr , 673). Throughout its existence, Vodafone executives were confronted with conflicting choices. For example, there was always pressure to adhere to regulatory and industry norms from the government. On the other side, there was pressure from stock-holders to gain greater competitive advantage. Growing existing market bases or venturing into potential emerging markets. These were some of the choices that Vodafone has had to deal with. The sustained growth of Vodafone’s net asset value over the last seven years suggests that their choices have been correct. For example, Vodafone AirTouch’s division collaborated with Cisco Systems, Hyundai Electronics and TELOS Technology during trial implementations of a new Internet Protocol for a wireless communications network. Some of the partners in this venture were Vodafone’s direct competitors. Yet, the leadership took the prudent decision in laying the foundation for the technology of the future even at the potential cost of losing revenues in the immediate future (Theodorou , 112).